Essay On The Original Abbey - 1505 Words

The original abbey was a Chapter House, built in 1160. It was used by the canons as the place for business meetings and had stalls situated around the walls for seating; the canons would have met here in the morning, held services, be assigned tasks and be disciplined. Architecturally, it is Norman with the curved arches and is one of the only surviving original parts of the Abbey that would have included different rooms for the canons which governed their daily lives and a church. However, the eastern wall was rebuilt after the 1831 Bristol Riots, hence the modern windows. These windows now list the Abbots of the original monastery and the Deans of the Cathedral. The Chapter house is now a much more communal area and is used for community†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the chapel was not originally attached to the main building however it was eventually joined to the North Transept. The chapel contains lots of artwork, including the medieval tomb of Lady Margret Mortime r and Lord Maurice Berkeley, as well as the iconography of Saint Augustine of Hippo and local Saint Jordan. It is clear from the brickwork that the Elder Lady Chapel has been developed over time, the ceiling is noticeably different to the walls, which also differ from each other. Built in 1298 by Abbot Knowle was The East End ( Eastern Lady Chapel). It continues with the gothic architecture, very popular at the time and first introduced to the Abbey by Abbot David. The East End has large pointed windows which let light fill the space and is Englands largest hall church - this means all the ceilings are the same height, usually only the aisle ceilings are the same. There are also painted ceilings and painted designs, suggesting the Abbey was wealthy at the time. At the heart of the east end is the Choir, it is one of the most important and original works of the medieval era in Europe. It is at the center of the cathedral and was rebuilt by Abbot Knowle in the 14th Century, the choir stalls were later added by Abbot Elyot in the 16th Century. The current stalls date back to the 19th century but incorporate some of the 16th Century carvings, including the original misericords. these are located under the choir seats and were originallyShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Of John Keats And William Wordsworth1169 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey†, he shows this substitution through conceiving beauty and truth regardless of existence. Similarly, Keats, whom also is an expressivist, proves to be so by also showing beauty and truth in his poem, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† while creating infinity among the substituted presence. Before the rise of Romantics, there was order. It was believed that the entire universe had a fixed order. As Pope said in his poem â€Å"Essay on Criticism† he called it the â€Å"Vast ChainRead MoreThe Role and Significance of the Monastic Life in Medieval Christianity1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role and Significance of the Monastic Life in Medieval Christianity What is monasticism? The central and original role of the monastic life can be drawn from the meanings of the words monk and hermit. the word monk comes from the Greek word monaches which means solitary and hermit from heremites a desert dweller. The early monks and nuns were just that: men and women who fled the worldliness of urban life and the ethos of a church that was at the timeRead MoreIn Westminster Abbey Analysis1710 Words   |  7 PagesEssay: â€Å"In Westminster Abbey† â€Å"In Westminster Abbey† by John Betjeman is a poem that tells the story of a woman in a famous church in London and her prayer to the Lord. Each stanza in the poem contains something that the speaker wants from the Lord. And as one reads through the poem, a more keen understanding of the woman praying is formed, and it is likely drastically different from the original perception gained in the first two stanzas. In â€Å"In Westminster Abbey,† John Betjeman uses the speaker’sRead MoreAnswers to Some Critical Questions1718 Words   |  7 Pagesyour mind. (Browne 171). In American Earth, the Abbey notes that ¦. the absence of motorized tourists, who stay away by the millions. And they stay away because of the unpaved entrance road, the unflushable toilets in the campgrounds, and the fact that most of them have never even heard of Archest National Monument (416). This is clear omission and skewing of the data simply because there is no data to back this up, this is supposition, and Abbey does not include the reasons why tourists do visitRead More Millennial Themes in The Prelude and Mont Blanc Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe types and symbols of eternity, Of first, and last, and midst, and without end. (VI. 566-572) The unity of God, man, and nature is of course a common theme in Wordsworths poetry, having been given equally memorable treatments in Tintern Abbey and elsewhere, but it was the seemingly paradoxical sentiment of this passage from The Prelude that made such a strong impression on me. As John Beer points out in his article Romantic Apocalypses, Although traditionally the apocalypse and the millenniumRead MoreEssay about Biography f Rene Descartes864 Words   |  4 Pageslicensed degree in Law. In 1618, Descartes spent some time in the military where he was placed in a defense force of Maurice of Nassau, Dutch Republic. In 1622, Descartes came back to France. It was during this stay in Paris where he wrote his first essay called â€Å"Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii† also known as Rules For The Direction Of The Mind. In 1628, Rene moved to the Dutch Republic where he lived for over 20 years. During this time period, he learned more about mathematics, utilizing his spareRead MoreJoseph Franz Haydn Essays818 Words   |  4 PagesCathedral in Vienna, where he made an early living. He worked as a freelance musician, playing the violin and the keyboard instruments, accompanying for singing lessons given by the composer Porpora, who helped and encouraged him ( Boynick, 1). In this essay, I will discuss a brief overview of Joseph Haydns life. I will also talk about some of the pieces he has composed and how they changed music forever. In 1759 he was appointed music director to Count Morzin; but he soon moved, into service asRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1220 Words   |  5 Pagesdirecting the film Macbeth, (Macbeth) and the essay will examine many aspects of the play including the main characters, personalities, themes as well as the important incidents in the film and the historical background. I have chosen Lady Macbeth as the main character for discussion. The 2010 film, saw Macbeth as Stalin and the weird sisters or witches were portrayed as nurses and then cooks. It was filmed in an abbey which retained some of the original scenes of Shakespeare’s play. The 2010 filmRead MoreThe Challenges Of Seamus Heaney1406 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will analyse the challenges Seamus Heaney faced during the process of translation and writing, including his own conscious effort to make the play suitable for a modern audience. It will demonstrate how Heaney’s use of language and poetry aided in presenting modern ideas through the timbre of Irish/English diction and idiom in an attempt to make the play more ‘speakable’. Identifying features of Greek theatrical conventions and how Heaney used these to shape his play. Heaney also presentsRead More Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2888 Words   |  12 Pagesspirituality, and sociality of the story, it has remained, since 1886, a novella that according to the Reverend W. J. Dawson, gives Stevenson â€Å"a place apart, and high above all contemporaries, as an interpreter of the deepest things of the soul† (qtd. in Abbey 318). Not content to merely comment on the age of Victoria—i.e., the world about him—Stevenson has used the vehicle of Jekyll and Hyde to comment on the world within him, and within each of us, depicting the efforts of a scientist who separates

Red Bull Marketing Plan - 1809 Words

Table of Content Introduction 2 Executive Summary 2 Current Marketing Situation 2 Market Description 2 Benefits and Product features 2 Product Review 2 Competitive Review 3 Distribution Review 3 SWOT Analysis 3 Strengths 3 Weaknesses 3 Opportunities 3 Threats 3 Objective and Issues 4 Objectives 4 Issues 4 Marketing Strategy 4 Positioning 4 Product Strategy 4 Pricing Strategy 5 Distribution Strategy 5 Marketing Communication Strategy 5 Marketing Research 5 Marketing Organization 5 Action†¦show more content†¦SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths The strong marketing strategy, which is the â€Å"buzz-marketing† strategy, which we have, is one of its main strengths because Red Bull is becoming a wide known brand all over the world. Weaknesses Red Bull is an undifferentiated product from competition. A lot of energy drinks are similar to Red Bull and this may affect us. Also, a lot of other energy drinks prices are lower than Red Bull which puts Red Bull a step behind some other energy drinks. Opportunities Red Bull has a large market share in the energy drink market and it is one of the most popular energy drinks in the world, this may help us to increase the demand for the product and maybe develop a new product within the same brand. Threats The energy drink market is a growing market and a lot of companies are entering it as they have found it to be attractive and profitable. Some of these companies are growing rapidly and they present a threat to Red Bull. One of those companies that are getting stronger by time is Power Horse. OBJECTIVE AND ISSUES Objectives: We set some hard and ambitious but achievable objectives. Our objective is to increase our market share, which is about 60% into 75% in two years and to maximize our profits. After that, we are aiming to introduce a new category of our energy drink into the market. Issues: our main issue is competition and this is why we should increase our marketing strategies to keep our brand image and to drive awayShow MoreRelatedRed Bull Marketing Plan2846 Words   |  12 PagesRed Bull Marketing Plan Introduction Red Bull, the iconic pioneer of the late 20th century energy drink movement, is enormously successful and popular. Everyone has had days where a cup of coffee seems woefully inadequate, and beverages such as Red Bull â€Å"give you wings†, as their slogan promises, and offer a refreshing lift to help people conquer their overfilled schedules and endless meetings. However, with only one flavor and a seemingly narrow target demographic, is Red Bull really capitalizingRead MoreRed Bull Marketing Plan7856 Words   |  32 PagesHow Red Bull woke up the teen market It looks (and tastes) like medicine, but it still conquered the soft drinks trade. Now the edgy pick-me-up is moving into the grown-up world of motor racing. John Arlidge reports reddit this John Arlidge The Observer, Sunday 5 December 2004 Article history At this time of year fallen leaves shroud the carefully planned suburbs of Milton Keynes. Mist drifts in from the fields. The posh car firms - Mercedes, Volkswagen, Audi - whose UK head offices ringRead MoreRed Bull s Marketing Plan1079 Words   |  5 Pagesworld of Red Bull, a world where anything is possible through high levels of caffeine consumption. Don’t believe wingsuiting down a mountain, parkouring the Grand Canyon or breaking the speed of sound while freefalling from the stratosphere is plausible? If rational and conventional thinking dictates everyday life then the answer is simply no. Although Red Bull strives to genuinely identify with consumers, the company endorses an idealistic world. The main focus of Red Bull’s marketing plan revolvesRead MoreMarketing Plan For Red Bull Gmbh3864 Words   |  16 PagesMARKETING PLAN: RED BULL Company Red Bull GmbH Brand/Product/Service: Red Bull Prepared by: Group 5A Anoop Kamboj I Deepak Tamak I Harshraj Pethraj Mehta I Amit Simant I Ranjit Kaur Chandel OVERVIEW Red Bull was introduced for the first time in 1987 by Dietrich Mateschitz in Austria. The launch of Red Bull gave birth to a whole new product category of energy drinks. It is sold in over 166 countries all over the world, and more than 40 billion cans have been sold till now. It uses the famousRead MoreDirect Marketing with Red Bull!1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction How should Red Bull market its brand in the future? I think, although Red Bull has been extremely successful in the past, times have changed and the company and products should change with it, otherwise we probably lose market share to the tremendous increased number of competitors in no time.At the height of early mornings and late nights, Red Bull energy drink became the fuel of choice for people from all walks of life. So how is Red Bull marketing its brand to meet the changing needsRead MoreRed Bull Company Analysis1061 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Analysis Red Bull is an energy drink sold by Austrian company Red Bull GmbH, created in 1987. Red Bull is the most popular energy drink in the world, with 4.5 billion cans sold each year. Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz founded   Red Bull GmbH in a partnership with Chaleo Yoovidhya. After the product was introduced the consumption doubled year by year in Austria, so the company decided to introduce Red Bull in first foreign  markets. Those markets includedRead MoreRed Bulls Market1604 Words   |  7 PagesA Bull s Market - the marketing of Red Bull energy drink Red Bull, Austria s biggest export since Arnold Schwarzenegger, has methodically created and dominated the energy drink category much in the way players of the board game Risk would defeat their opponents. Dietrich Mateschitz, the owner of Red Bull International, created the highly caffeinated beverage in 1987. Five years later, the drink spread into neighboring countries like Hungary and Slovenia, followed by Germany and Switzerland.Read MoreRed Bull993 Words   |  4 PagesRed bull is the worlds oldest and most successful energy drink brands. In 1966, Red Bull was born in Thailand as a kind of vitamin energy drink, and then Austrian entrepreneur  Dietrich Mateschitz  was inspired by this pre-existing energy drink and took this idea, modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of westerners. Now it has more than 40 years of history so far with excellent quality and good reputation, Red Bull drinks are sold in more than 140 countries and regions around the world, rankRead MoreRe dbull Branding Strategy1207 Words   |  5 Pagestowards the purchase of intended products. Market segmentation is the basis for marketing strategy development. A company needs to design the right strategies to develop the relationships between its products to right consumers. Case section In terms of Red bull, the demographic and psychographic segmentation strategies are applied in their product design and branding approach. A key component of Red Bull’s global success is that it takes social variables into account on a global scaleRead MoreRed Bull: the Drink for Generation Y970 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is the marketing mix for Red Bull? What markets does Red Bull attempt to reach? How do marketing mix elements and target markets combine to form the firm’s marketing strategy? The marketing mix for Red Bull consists of the following: Product: Energy drink Price: $1.99 (premium) Distribution: Across clubs and similar outlets, mass merchandisers Marketing Communication: Word-of-mouth to television advertising Red Bull attempts to reach extremists, sports enthusiasts

Biomedical Science Focused on the Diagnosis and Therapy

Question: Compare the immunohistochemistry with next generation sequencing in regards to cholorectal cancer, in which biomarkers and other aspects are to be explained. The cases are present on an histology interface look through Patxl for the login details. navigate through the interface and the histology slides, and are to be screen captured in high quality, in the tabs on the left with noting for the scale and zoom, and be used as example to demonstrate points across. Answer: Summary This portfolio has been focused on the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer with the consideration of patient case studies. In recent reports, it has noted by World Health Organization (WHO) that, there will be 1.477.402 new colorectal cancers in 2015, along with 752.731 deaths (Cunningham et al. 2014). In this portfolio, the diagnostic and therapeutic processes have been focused. The initial diagnosis with MRI and PET scan and final diagnosis with biopsies, H E, IHC and molecular testing has been discussed. In this portfolio, the importance of these diagnostic processes for determining the appropriate therapeutic combinations was discussed (Diaz et al. 2012). The genetic and molecular basis and origin of colorectal cancer as well as staging process has been discussed. Discussion The discussion is mainly based on colorectal cancer or colorectal adenocarcinoma. There are two patients, who are the major concern of this discussion. The immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing is two important diagnostic tool and these are used for diagnosing the root or reason of colon cancer. The sequencing technologies are more advanced technologies and are very useful for identifying genetic mutations in signaling pathways by comparing with the wild-type genetic sequencing, thereby confirming cancer (Diaz-Rubio et al. 2012). The discussion will include the knowledge of the molecular basis of colorectal cancer development, therapeutic and prevention strategies with the use of example colorectal case studies. In the case scenario, two cases have been discussing. In one case, the patient is a 65 years old male patient had a change of his bowel habit as well as rectal bleeding. The patient had a history of prostate cancer. The patient was diagnosed with the adenocarcinoma and at his age, he is expected to develop colorectal cancer. It is because report suggested that, 95% of colorectal cancer occurs after 50 years of age (Kressner et al. 2011). The gastroenterologist examined the abdomen and performed a rectal examination that was found to be unremarkable. The purpose if the rectal examination was to ensure the origin of patients symptoms including changed bowel and rectal bleeding. It has been found that, 15% of colorectal cancers have a family history of inherited disease including adenomatosis polyps, Lynch syndrome, anal fissures etc. (Liao et al. 2012). Therefore, rectal examination helps to identify the origin of the disease symptoms. However, in this case, the patient might be subjected to radiotherapy for treating prostate cancer. Therefore, the mucosal lesion can be the caused due to irradiation. In the next stage, the CT scan was performed for more in-depth investigation. The scan found a tumor in recto-sigmoid colon along with a small-uncharacterized nodule in liver. After an initial diagnosis of the tumor through CT scan, the characteristic of tumor cells should be confirmed, whether the tumor is benign or malignant (Meyerhardt and Mayer 2011). For ensuring the nature of the tumor, the biopsy was done, as a final diagnosis of cancer. One technique for confirming the metastasis of malignant tissues is the PET scan and biopsy of the liver, thereby directing the way of management. The PET scan helps to provide information about the nature of liver nodule. In PET scan, no suspicious areas were identified, but the lesion appeared as hot. In PET scan, the areas that show hot have a tendency to consist malignant cells. Usually, the malignant cells can metabolize glucose faster than the normal cells and these areas appear as hot in PET scan. However, these are not a true indicator of malignancy. The liver nodule, in this case, appeared as hot'. Thus, to confirm the malignancy, MDT recommended liver biopsy based on morphology and lineage markers (Misale et al. 2012). The HE (haemotoxylin and eosin) test confirmed the malignant nature of liver nodule. Therefore, the liver nodule was a suspect for malignancy. The liver MRI is performed for characterizing the liver lesion. The MRI will also help to determine the respectability of the hepatic lesion; that is if the liver lesion is considered as resectable or not. In this scenario, the patient showed the resectable tumor . As the tumor identified as resectable, the resection of the primary tumor was recommended. Before resection, the tumor stage should be diagnosed as Dukes or TNM classification. The TNM staging system provides the evaluation of tumor involvement of nodes and organ metastasis. The patients tumor was identified to be in the stage pT3 N1 M1 (Schoen et al. 2012). The stage defined the nature of the malignant tumor and metastasis. T3 provides the information that cancer has grown through the whole colon or rectum wall; N1 provides the information that cancer has been found in 1-3 lymph nodes and M1 indicates cancer is found in the distant organ. Therefore, it can be said that, in this patient, the TNM classification indicated the metastasis of cancer. Another important diagnostic tool is immunohistochemistry with lineage biomarker assessment. For this patient, the CK antibodies those are the antibodies against keratins (K), were used as lineage biomarker (Scott et al. 2012). The keratins are filaments found in epithelial cells. There are 20 different keratins found and present as heterodimers including type A and type B. The presence of different types of keratin depends specifically upon the cellular lineage and composition of the tissue. The K7 is found to be expressed in biliary cells or liver. On the other hand, the K20 is expressed in the cells of the intestinal and gastric mucosa. Therefore, the immunohistochemistry is an important tool providing confirm an indication of metastasis if CK20 is found in liver biopsies that might be brought in the liver tissue through metastasis (Sinicrope and Sargent 2012). As the patien t had a history of prostate cancer, the presence of biomarker lineage PSA would also be tested. The negative CK20 provides evidence against the primary hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the presence of CDX2 was found that is highly specific for intestinal adenocarcinomas. Therefore, the immunohistochemistry found the origin of CRC as metastasis. Figure: Control (L) and Liver core Bx (IHC, CK 20) (Source: Sui et al. 2014) The doctor suggested the adjuvant therapy for this patient after the resection of the colon with hepatic metastasis. However, in the case of drug choice for targeted adjuvant therapy, molecular testing is important, for which the next generation sequencing is an efficient tool for identifying the genetic mutation, it identifies if the genes become active, missing or changed, undergoing a mutation. It is also important for selecting therapies based on the origin and nature of malignancy. The H E staining in biopsy is important for identifying morphological changes in tissue. The H E staining biopsy found the presence of invasive adenocarcinoma; the cancerous cells are found at the center (Tejpar et al. 2012). Figure: H E Staining: Rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma (Source: Vale et al. 2012) The classical adjuvant therapy of CRC metastasis includes 5-flurouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin along with oxaliplatin or irinotecan in a combination. More specific drug include the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies like panitumumab and cetuximab, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody including bevacizumab and anti-angiogenic compounds like aflibercept and regorafenib (Vanneman et al. 2012). However, selection of drug is important for successful treatment that is based on evaluating the origin of cancer that can be confirmed with only molecular testing. The H E staining can confirm the tumor malignancy through its morphology and it cannot identify the molecular basis of cancer-based on which the therapy would be recommended, however, molecular testing is the most appropriate test for confirming the molecular origin of malignancy. Through next generation sequencing, the KRAS mutation was found in the patient. It is very important in therapy because, in KRAS and NRAS mutation, anti-EGFR drugs will not be applicable. Figure: Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer (Source: Watanabe et al. 2012) The Kras gene is a molecular switch when it is turned on; it activates the proteins necessary for the proliferation of receptors and growth factors signals including c-Raf and PI 3-kinase. It also upregulates glucose transporter, thus, the patient's lesion showed as hot' in PET scan. It is a proto-oncogene and a single amino acid substitution can transform the protein leading to malignancy. In this patient case, molecular testing revealed p. G12C (GlyCys) GGTTGT The gene is involved in the canonical pathway of CRC carcinogenesis including chromosome instability (Zauber et al. 2012). The kras helps to couple the EGFR with intracellular cascade, thereby activating the downward cascade and stimulates cell proliferation of colonic epithelium. In this pathway, the kras mutation activates the some downward signaling which causes rapid chromosomal gain or loss, while combined with inactivation of APC tumor-suppressor gene, thereby leading to aneuploidy or loss of heterozygosity. Figure: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) testing for KRAS mutation (Source: Saltz et al. 2011) In some studies, it has been found that a protein of KRAS pathway, BRAF mutation also contributes in 5-10% CRC cases. BRAF and NRAS are two players in KRAS pathway and mutation of these genes activates RAS-RAF-MAPK pathways, downstream of EGFR. This is why NRAS and BRAF were tested for the case study patient (Saltz et al. 2011). Figure: Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer inn KRAS signaling pathway (Source: Zauber et al. 2012) The patient can be treated with Bevacizumab, an mAb targeting VEGF-A, an angiogenic factor, as the drug is a reliable therapeutic option for patients with RAS family mutation and therefore, it will be suitable for the case study patient. In addition, Regorafenib is a tyrosin kinase inhibitor that can block VEGF receptor and a third line treatment of mCRC. Therefore, these can be effective for the patient. The patient was treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin. The in vitro animal and clinical studies provided showed that p53 is required for responding to 5-FU based chemotherapies. It study by Sui et al. (2014) provided the fact that; 5-FU causes aberrant autophagy in the p53 mutant cells. Research also showed that JNK activation as well as phosphorylation of Bcl-2 induces 5-FU induced autophagy. Bcl-2 is phosphorylated by p53mutation, thereby resulting in 5-FU resistance. This research has several impact upon the case study results. Figure: KRAS mutation and anti-EGFR therapy (Source: Sinicrope and Sargent 2012) In this case, the 65-years old patient failed to respond against the 5-FU, leucovorin and oxaliplatin and the malignant cells metastasized to liver and lung. It might be due to the simulations p53 mutation of cancerous tissue, thereby making those cells 5-FU resistant. Another case study, the patient is 75-years old female, who has prostate cancer in before. In this case, the patient has been diagnosed with Dukes A stage of colorectal carcinoma. According to the TNM classification, cancer has grown into a thick muscular layer of the colon or rectum and there was no spread in lymph nodes and no metastasis. Thus, no resection of the colon was needed. The histological staging found moderately differential adenocarcinoma (Meyerhardt and Mayer 2011). The patient was treated with 5-FU, leucovorin and oxaliplatin, but developed liver and lung metastasis. Therefore, this patient was also indicating the p53 mutation. Immunohistochemistry method for detecting p53 expression in the malignant tissue. The natural history of CRC should be understood for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Some genes are related to heredity like the genes of Axin2, POLD and TGFR2, inhibition of which predispose the risk of CRC (Iacopetta et al. 2013). Excessive red meat and alcohol consumption enhance the risk. Inflammatory bowel disease is another risk factor of CRC-related to heredity. However, according to the somatic mutation theory of cancer, cancer is caused by mutation of somatic cells, rather than germ cells through the nonlethal mutation related to the increased proliferation of mutant cells. There was no family history of cancer of the patient. Therefore, in the case scenario of 65-years old patient, radiation of colon during the treatment of prostate cancer might be the reason of KRAS mutation. Overview The major focus of the portfolio was to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic measures of colorectal cancer. This portfolio helped to build sufficient understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanism of the origination of cancer and prognosis of cancer. The portfolio helped to develop knowledge on the particular diagnostic tools for the specific stage of cancer. The focus of this portfolio is colorectal cancer or adenocarcinoma (Kressner et al. 2011). The portfolio also highlighted the knowledge of cancer staging based on two tools, the TNM system and Dukes classification. The portfolio included the comparison of the histological and molecular diagnostic processes. For the patient, the primary diagnosis included the CT scan and rectal examination through PET scan (Diaz-Rubio et al. 2012). The patient was diagnosed with the rectosigmoid tumor. However, the final diagnosis was done with H E and IHC biopsy. These tests are reliable enough for determining the presence and morphological appearance of the tumor and malignancy. However, it has also been revealed that the molecular testing is important for confirming the origin of the malignancy. The MRI test helped in defining the lesion. The patient was also diagnosed with the small nodule in liver and PET scan was useful for indicating the risk of malignancy of that nodule. The HE confirmed the malignant tissue in that nodule. The patients tumor was resectable (Iacopetta 2013). At this point, it was revealed from the portfolio that the diagnosis is needed before resection of cancerous tissue to know the status of the tissue, whether the resection is suitable or not. However, the molecular testing is needed for identifying which gene is involved in the development of cancer and which internal pathway has been disturbed. It is important for selecting the correct therapeutic pathway. For molecular testing, the next generation sequencing was followed, KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were tested and a point mutation was found in KRAS gene sequence. This diagnostic finding directed the therapeutic pathway for the patient. The common anti-EGRF drugs are not applicable to the patients having this kind of mutation. Therefore, the portfolio highlighted the importance of molecular testing and H E testing over H E testing alone (Meyerhardt and Mayer 2011). The molecular biomarkers were also tested, like CK20 and CK7, as these markers are lineage specific and any abnormality in their location can indicate cancer occurrence. Therefore, these findings are also helpful in directing the cancer treatment. Besides the KRAS mutation, the importance of p53 mutation was also analyzed through this case study, as the patient failed to response the combined adjuvant therapy including 5-FU, thereby indicating the possibility of p53 m utation (Iacopetta et al. 2013). This portfolio analyzed another case study of a patient with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, for this patient no resection was recommended. At this point, the significance of staging process of cancer is revealed. From the study, new possible cancer therapies can be discussed including the therapies targeting cancer stem cells, some self-renewal pathways like Wnt, PTEN and Hedgehog with human monoclonal antibodies. However, it has been revealed that most of the CRCs originate from benign tumors, thus the focus of the research can also be diverted toward the development of new and more efficient screening procedures for early cancer detection (Cunningham et al. 2014). Reference List Cunningham, D., Humblet, Y., Siena, S., Khayat, D., Bleiberg, H., Santoro, A., Bets, D., Mueser, M., Harstrick, A., Verslype, C. and Chau, I., 2014. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.New England journal of medicine,351(4), pp.337-345. Diaz Jr, L.A., Williams, R.T., Wu, J., Kinde, I., Hecht, J.R., Berlin, J., Allen, B., Bozic, I., Reiter, J.G., Nowak, M.A. and Kinzler, K.W., 2012. The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers.Nature,486(7404), pp.537-540. Daz-Rubio, E., Gmez-Espaa, A., Massut, B., Sastre, J., Abad, A., Valladares, M., Rivera, F., Safont, M.J., de Prado, P.M., Galln, M. and Gonzlez, E., 2012. First-line XELOX plus bevacizumab followed by XELOX plus bevacizumab or single-agent bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase III MACRO TTD study.The oncologist,17(1), pp.15-25. 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Saltz, L.B., Cox, J.V., Blanke, C., Rosen, L.S., Fehrenbacher, L., Moore, M.J., Maroun, J.A., Ackland, S.P., Locker, P.K., Pirotta, N. and Elfring, G.L., 2011. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer.New England Journal of Medicine,343(13), pp.905-914. Schoen, R.E., Pinsky, P.F., Weissfeld, J.L., Yokochi, L.A., Church, T., Laiyemo, A.O., Bresalier, R., Andriole, G.L., Buys, S.S., Crawford, E.D. and Fouad, M.N., 2012. Colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality with screening flexible sigmoidoscopy.New England Journal of Medicine,366(25), pp.2345-2357. Scott, A.M., Wolchok, J.D. and Old, L.J., 2012. Antibody therapy of cancer.Nature Reviews Cancer,12(4), pp.278-287. Sinicrope, F.A. and Sargent, D.J., 2012. Molecular pathways: microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic implications.Clinical cancer research,18(6), pp.1506-1512. Sui, X., Kong, N., Wang, X., Fang, Y., Hu, X., Xu, Y., Chen, W., Wang, K., Li, D., Jin, W. and Lou, F., 2014. JNK confers 5-fluorouracil resistance in p53-deficient and mutant p53-expressing colon cancer cells by inducing survival autophagy.Scientific reports,4. Tejpar, S., Celik, I., Schlichting, M., Sartorius, U., Bokemeyer, C. and Van Cutsem, E., 2012. Association of KRAS G13D tumor mutations with outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy with or without cetuximab.Journal of Clinical Oncology,30(29), pp.3570-3577. Vale, C.L., Tierney, J.F., Fisher, D., Adams, R.A., Kaplan, R., Maughan, T.S., Parmar, M.K. and Meade, A.M., 2012. Does anti-EGFR therapy improve outcome in advanced colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer treatment reviews,38(6), pp.618-625. Vanneman, M. and Dranoff, G., 2012. Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment.Nature Reviews Cancer,12(4), pp.237-251. 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Joe Turner Come and Gone free essay sample

Joe Turner Come and Gone is a play primarily about African Americans in search of their cultural identity following the repression of American slavery. For Loomis, being enslaved and dealing with negative scenarios during and after his escape from Joe Turner, not only caused him a loss of identity, but it also affected his personal confidence and the psychological aspect of his thoughts. Consequential lack of self-confidence and faith within oneself. However, being around positive people and situations is important aspect for one to rediscover their self which Loomis is able to accomplish with the help of Bynum. Herald Loomis lost his self after being enslaved for seven years. Periodically, Loomis begins to lose his mind. Loomis and his daughter who are in search for his wife Martha reach the boarding house with Bynum and several other characters living in it. â€Å"Sixty something Bynum is a border who is known to the other characters to be root worker/ conjure man, also known as medicine man, have the ability to tap into the force of spirits. We will write a custom essay sample on Joe Turner Come and Gone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is an ability that allows Bynum to help various characters throughout the course of the play (Shannon, Williams pg. 161). Loomis is one of the individuals Bynum helps find his identity as well as inner peace that Loomis lacks. Unsure of the reason being a slave of Joe Turner is one of many unanswered questions Loomis is not aware of. Talking to Bynum in search of his wife Martha, Loomis states, why he got to catch me going down the road by my lonesome? He told me I was worthless. Worthless is something you throw away. Something you don’t bother with. I aint see him throw me away. Wouldnt even let me stay away when I was by my lonesome. I aint tried to catch him when he was going down the road. So I must got something he want. What I got? (Wilson, pg. 73) Loomis is mentally disturbed and is looking for answer he believes his wife will help him find. Though he states he isn’t worthless, Joe Turners words have made a strong impact on him who psychologically play role in his life and self-confidence. In his mind he is not aware of his loss. Psychologically, Loomis believes finding his wife Martha will give him a clear vision of who he was and will accompany him to start his life once again. Loomis is convinced that his wife Martha is the answer to his questions. In a conversation with Bynum, he states, Thats the only thing I know to do. I just want to see her face so I can get me a starting place in the world. The world got to start somewhere. Thats what I been looking for. Ive been wandering a long time in somebody elses world. When I find my wife that be the making of my own. (Wilson pg. 72) Loomis is in denial. Being in search of his wife is one way he can escape and overlook reality, and the pain he feels as an African slave. He is convinced his wife will help him find his place in the world and has his daughter Zonia believed the same. Bynum is one of the positive people Loomis comes in contact with after being enslaved. He understands what Loomis is in search of and does his best to slowly help him realize he does not need his wife to find himself. He answers Loomis’s questions about being taken away by Joe Turner in a unique way. One that Loomis never thought of before. Bynum answers He thought by catching you he could learn that song. Every nigger he catch hes looking for the one he can learn that song from. Now hes got you bound up to where you cant sing your own song. Couldnt sing it them seven years cause you was afraid he would snatch it from under you. But you still got it. You just forgot how to sing it. (Wilson pg. 73) Bynum introduces the idea of the song being his identity for the first time. An additional element that affected Loomis is him witnessing bones rise and fall back down in the ocean. This is important factor in Loomis life. He says â€Å"I come to this place†¦to this water that was bigger than the whole world. And I looked out†¦ and I seen those bones rise up out the water. Rise up and begin to walk on top of it. † (Wilson pg. 3) He later realizes the bones in the water represent his ancestors that were thrown overboard while they were in the same situation as him. Loomis is privileged to witness this because it as an important fact that leads him into getting a clearer understanding of who he is. The conversation between Bynum and Loomis helped Loomis gain self-confidence and provided him the ability to start believing in him. He began to say, The winds going back into my body. I can feel it. Im starting to breathe again Im Gonna standup. I got to stand up. I cant take you no more. All the breath coming into my body and I got stand up the grounds starting to shake. Theres a great shaking. The worlds busting half in two. The skys splitting open. I got to stand up. My legs†¦ My legs wont stand up! Got to stand up. Get up on the road My legs wont stand up! My legs won’t stand up! (Wilson pg. 55). However he let his conscious and lack of self-confidence get the best of him and did not allow him to completely trust himself. He talks to Loomis and helps him recognize the real problem. He also becomes aware of the fact that forgetting himself is a result of forgetting how to sing his song. Furthermore, Bynum says â€Å"A fellow forget that and he forgets who he is. Forget how hes supposed to markdown life (Wilson pg. 73). For once, Loomis becomes aware of one truth he has been overseeing. In Joe Turner’s Come and Gone, the Juba dance is a symbolic ritual. Bynum along with other members in the boarding house perform the dance. It is a way for the characters to reconnect themselves with their past through music and rituals. The African spirits symbolically are African ancestors that enter the Holly boarding house because they were called by the characters engaged in the Juba. Loomis however does not take part of the group celebration duality even though he himself is a man split into two and still unaware of his identity. â€Å"Loomis also reveals the changing place of Christianity in the lives of former slaves and the progeny of slaves. † (Shannon, Williams pg. 165). The reunion of spirits and members of the boarding house provides them with the proper future of their riotous history as they discover their true origins not only in the plantations in slavery, but in the varied cultures of Africa. The Juba allows them to learn their real identities to be an â€Å"African, not Christian, though this African-ness is transfigured with multiple images drawn from a Christianity in which they may find truth and affirmation of their deepest beliefs. † (Shanna, Williams pg. 163). Loomis however, is out of rhythm and harmony with other human beings. This clearly demonstrates the fact that he would not be able to partake in an activity that bring the characters together. However, it is at that time the Juba triggers Loomis’s rage, which leads him to have a connection with his forbearers. Bynum also uses the Joe Turner song in Act two to help Loomis realize his identity crisis â€Å"They tell me Joe Turner’s come and gone Ohhh Lordy They tell me Joe Turners come and Gone Ohhh Lordy Got my man and gone Come with forty links of chain Ohhh Lordy Come with forty links of chain Ohhh Lordy Got my man and gone† (Wilson pg. 67). Though Loomis does not like Bynum singing the song over and over again, essentially Bynum tells Loomis all he has to do to solve his identity dilemma is to sing his song. Still Loomis believes he needs his wife Martha to find himself. He still does not trust nor recognize the fact that he is dealing with a battle internally within himself over his identity in which he has placed Martha on one side, and Bynum and Africa on the other. Gradually, Bynum learns of the insecurities Loomis has created within himself and helps Loomis deal with it one after the other. Towards the end of the play Martha and Loomis come into contact with one another. Leading him to realize the fact Bynum has been trying to help him realize all along. Loomis realizes it is not Martha who he needs; he learns his journey is within himself. While conversing with Martha he says â€Å"†¦All the time that goodbye swelling up in my chest till I’m about to bust. Now I see your face I can say my goodbye and make my own world. † (Wilson pg. 90). He finally learns to stand a stand for him and let’s go of all negative thoughts and memories he has kept with him. In one of his last conversations with Bynum, Loomis states, â€Å"Everywhere I go people wanna bind me up. Joe Turner wanna bind me up! Reverend Toliver wanna bind me up. You wanna bind me up. Well Joe Turner come and gone and Herald Loomis ain’t for no binding. I ain’t gonna let nobody bind me up! † (Wilson pg. 91). Loomis finally has reached the place Bynum wanted him to be at. He is confident and understands his obligation. For the last time, Bynum gives Loomis the push he needs to find the man he had within him all along. He says â€Å"It wasn’t you. Herald Loomis. I aint bound you. I bound the little girl to her mother. That’s who I bound. You binding yourself. You bound onto your song. All you got to do is stand up and sing it, Herald Loomis. It’s right there kicking at your throat. All you got to do is sing it.

How Mise-En-Scene Is Used In A 7 min Sequence in Seven essays

How Mise-En-Scene Is Used In A 7 min Sequence in Seven essays In this essay I will analyse how David Fincher uses mise-en-scene to create meaning and generate response in a seven-minute sequence of the film seven. The sequence in which I have chosen to analyse are the opening seven minutes including the credits. Seven has a dark tone and this is reflected by all the elements of the film used by Fincher. Working with the odd sounds, dark visuals, hand-held camera work in certain areas and abnormal camera angles with many other filming techniques, Fincher allows the audience to know that the film is dark in nature. This is mostly important to portray in the opening of the film due to the audience understanding that the rest of the film will be as dark as this. With all these techniques portraying the dark visuals and aural sounds heard, the spectator is shown that they are not watching a cheerful film. A big factor of portraying this message is the mise-en-scene. The mise-en-scene in the first scene with detective Summerset preparing for work allows the spectator to understand Summerset as Fincher would like. This is shown through Summersets well-groomed clothes already laid out on his bed neatly similar to his pen, his badge and his penknife, which is portrayed as a visual motif throughout the film with Summerset eventually opening the package in the concluding desert scene with it. This shows how Summerset is experienced and organised unlike Detective Mills. As does his wondering look as if he has seen it all, until this case. The meaning of the mise-en-scene in this scene is to create binary oppositions showing how Summerset is organised and tidy which works in conjunction with him seeming to be up early to prevent an unorganised rush. The response to this from the audience is that Somerset is professional and well prepared for his job. Summerset is also presented as the traditional detective with his trench coat and his trilby hat. Fincher has done this to allow the spectator to unders...

On Invisible Bullets Essay Example

On Invisible Bullets Essay Example On Invisible Bullets Paper On Invisible Bullets Paper An outline on Invisible Bullets As we analyze the essay, we realize that the writer discusses a material in each paragraph, and carefully relates it to the next paragraph. He supports his ideas with concrete examples related to the main topic sentence, which is the relation between orthodoxy and subversion in Harriot’s book. In the first paragraph, we have a motivator mixed with a background of the ideas he wants to discuss. In the next paragraph he wisely supports that background by giving different examples. In the third paragraph he emphasizes on some specific words such as â€Å"religion† which he uses several times through the essay. For each paragraph, we can find a topic sentence, and through the paragraph he brings arguments and supports and examples for that topic sentence, which in general, is itself supporting the main topic sentence and the main idea of the text. The paragraphs follow each other very smoothly and the essay grows in an evolutionary way. Each part is the result of the previous part. It’s quite a kind of classical text. We don’t have jumps and fragmentation. What attracts the reader’s attention is the use of quotation marks. Each time that he wants to use someone else’s words, he uses quotation marks, even if it contains only of one single word. The use of punctuation is also very eye catching. As we go through out the essay, we see that he makes the most benefit of each subject matter and each example and discusses them from all possible related points of view. So he is very good at supporting his idea. He gives us a fool complete satisfying argumentation. He had made benefit of every word or phrase written by Harriot which can be used in order to support his discussion. In the last three paragraphs he repeats his main ideas such as â€Å"the condition of power† and â€Å"continuity of subversion†; and even in the few last sentences, he doesn’t ignore the use of Harriot’s words and ideas.

A Dance Choreographer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

A Dance Choreographer - Essay Example As far as dance choreographers, nowadays there are a lot of styles of dances the choreography of which one can choose to be engaged in. These are ballroom dance, ballet dance, hip hop dance, contemporary dance, step dance, folk dance, belly dance, etc. The field is wide for those who see their future as the ones creating works of art with dance movements. To start a career path as a choreographer it is essential to spend years yourself as a dancer. Most dancers begin their formal training at the age of five years old, being a bit older or younger is fine too. By the time one is about 17 years old he/she needs to start auditioning for different dance companies. No matter what style of dance you will choose to perform or choreograph in the future, you must learn the classical form of dance as young as possible. â€Å"Ballet dancing lays emphasis on foot muscle movements which need to be learned right from the formative years in ones life.† (Ballet Basics, para.1) As one choreographer said about the importance of ballet basics: â€Å"To put it simply, a classical dancer can choreograph a western and Bollywood number, but vice versa is not possible. Classical dance equips you with everything; you can fit yourself in all genres of dance and music†. (Shet Sh. 2008, para.24) By the time one is in his teenage years he should start concentrating on specific style of dance and begin intensive training in that style. Students who demonstrate talent in the dancing field can receive more advanced and professional training earlier. When one has chosen the style of dance he would like to get engaged in there are a variety of possibilities of how one can do so. One can attend dance college programs or dance company’s school; there are also summer training programs from the leading dancing schools where it is possible to get further training and even, if